Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu kwizimboni ezahlukahlukene zokukhishwa nokuhlanzwa kwezinto zokwakha. Ithola izakhiwo zezibuthe zezinto zokuzihlukanisa nezingxube, zinikezela ngezindlela ezisebenzayo nezingahlaseli zokuhlukaniswa. Le ndlela ivele kakhulu, iba ukuhlanganiswa emikhakheni efana nezimayini, ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza kanye nemithi. Ukuqonda izinkampani zokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kubalulekile ekwakheni izinqubo kanye nokuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bemikhiqizo yokugcina.
Izisekelo zokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe
Emgogodleni wayo, ukwahlukana kazibuthe kusebenzisa umehluko kazibuthe phakathi kwezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwengxube. Lapho kuvezwa amandla kazibuthe, izinto zokwakha zithola amandla okulingana nokususwa kwamandla kazibuthe kanye ne-gradient of the magnetic field. Lesi simiso sivumela ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto ezisuselwa kwizakhiwo zazo zasolwandle, kungaba yi-ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, noma diamagnetic diances.
Izici Zobuthentshi Zezinto Zokwenziwa
Izinto zokwakha ziphendula ngendlela ehlukile kuzinkundla zikazibuthe ezisuselwa kwizakhiwo zazo ezingokwemvelo. Izinto ze-Ferromagnetic , njenge-Iron and Magnetite, zibonisa ukuheha okunamandla kuma-magnetic amasimu nokugcina izakhiwo zasolwandle ngemuva kokuba insimu yangaphandle isusiwe. Izinto zokwakha ze-paramagnetic , kufaka phakathi i-hematite ne-ilmenite, zikhangwa buthakathaka futhi azigcini ngokubuthana. Ngokuphambene, izinto zokwakha ama-diamagnetic zixoshwa kancane amasimu kazibuthe futhi zifaka izinto ezinjenge-quartz ne-calcite.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Ukusebenza kwamandla kazibuthe kuncike kakhulu emishini esetshenzisiwe. Kuthuthukiswe amadivaysi ahlukahlukene ukuphatha izinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zokuhlukanisa. Ukutshala imali ngakwesokudla Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ibalulekile ekufezekiseni imiphumela efanelekile.
Abahlukanisi be-Magnetic Drum
Labo bahlukanisi baqukethe isigubhu esijikelezayo ngomhlangano wangaphakathi ohleliwe we-magnet. Njengoba i-Drum ijikeleza, izinhlayiyana kazibuthe zikhangwa yindawo yesigubhu futhi zithathwe ngezinto ezingezona amabuthe. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwezinsiza kanye nezimboni zezimayini zokuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo kokungcola okunempilo kwezinto zokwenziwa ngobuningi.
I-Overband Bagnetic HISTERS
Abahlukanisi be-Overband bama-Magnets abamisiwe ababekwe ngaphezulu abathunisi ukususa izinsimbi ezinamandla ezintweni ezidluliselwe. Babalulekile ezimbonini lapho insimbi yethrensi ingadala ukulimala kwemishini noma ukungcolisa imikhiqizo. Amandla abo okusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukugeleza kubenza bagxile ekusebenzeni kwamandla aphezulu.
Ama-Magnetic Grate Surpoters
Idizayinelwe ukususa ukungcoliswa kwe-Ferrous kusuka kumikhiqizo ewuketshezi noma eyomile, kufakwa ama-bagnetic ama-hoppers, imigqomo, noma ama-duct. Ama-grate afakwe izinduku zikamagnetic ezibamba izinhlayiya zensimbi njengoba impahla igeleza. Lokhu kusetha kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kokudla kanye nezimboni zemithi lapho ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo bufana khona.
Izicelo zokwahlukana kazibuthe
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kusetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuvikela imishini. Kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zayo kusuka ekusebenzeni kwamaminerali ekuphathweni kwemfucuza, kugcizelela ukuguquguquka kwayo nokubaluleka.
Ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali
Embonini yezokumbiwa phansi, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amaminerali abalulekile kusuka ku-Ores. Isibonelo, kuyasiza ekuhlukaniseni uMagnetite kanye ne-Ilmenite kusuka ku-Gangae ye-Non-Magnetic, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezinqubo zokuzuzisa izimbiwa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, kunomthelela kwisivuno esiphakeme nekhwalithi yezinsizakusebenza ezikhishwe.
Umkhakha wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha
Izikhungo zokulawulwa kwemfucuza zisebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ukuze abuyise izinsimbi ezinobunzima ezinqubeni zikamasipala eziqinile. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa amavolumu we-landfill kodwa futhi kuvumela ukuphinda kwenziwe kabusha kwezinsimbi, ukukhuthaza ukuqina. Izinsimbi ezitholakele zingaphindiselwa, zigcinele izinsiza zemvelo namandla.
Izimboni Zokudla Nezemithi
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kokudla kanye nokukhiqiza imithi. Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kususa ama-containature ensimbi angahlehlisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo nekhwalithi. Ngokuqeda izinsimbi zethrempeli, izinkampani zihambisana nemigomo eqinile futhi zivikele impilo yabathengi.
Indlela yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe
Ukusebenza kwama-hagrenity desation hinges kumandla kazibuthe asebenza ngezinhlayiya ezihlobene namanye amabutho anjengamandla adonsela phansi nokuhudula. Amandla kazibuthe anqunywa yingozi kazibuthe yezinto ezibonakalayo, amandla enkabu kazibuthe, kanye ne-gradient yensimu.
Ukuncishiswa kazibuthe kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiyana
Ukususelwa kazibuthe kukhombisa ukuthi kungakanani okuqukethwe okuzoba yingozi ku-appletic magnetic field. Izinto zokwakha eziphakeme kakhulu zisabela kakhulu kuma-magnetic amasimu, okwenza ukuhlukaniswa. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana budlale indima ebalulekile; Izinhlayiya ezinhle zingadinga amasimu anamandla kazibuthe noma ukwahlukanisa okuhlukile ukufezekisa ukwahlukana okusebenzayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuphezulu kwe-gradient magretic (HGMS)
I-HGMS yindlela esebenzisa i-gradient yamandla kazibuthe ephezulu yokuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinhle, ezibuthakathaka. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinzima ukuhlukanisa nabahlukanisi abajwayelekile bamandla. Imishini ye-HGMS ivame ukufaka i-matrix ye-magretizable izintambo ukuze uthuthukise i-gradient kazibuthe bese uthwebula izinhlayiya ze-Ultra-ezinhle.
Izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi kepha futhi kunomkhawulo okufanele abhekwe lapho uklama futhi usebenzise amasistimu wokuhlukanisa.
Izinzuzo
Engahlaseli futhi ilondoloze ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukususwa okusebenzayo kokungcola okunamandla.
Ithuthukisa ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo nekhwalithi.
Ivikela ukucubungula imishini ekulimaleni.
Imvelo inobungane futhi ikhuthaza ukuvumelanisa.
Ukulinganiselwa
Ukusebenza kahle kuncike ekunciphiseni kabi kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiyana.
Idinga ukulungiswa njalo nokuhlanza.
Ayilungele izinto ezingezinhle zikamazibuthe noma ezibuthakathaka ngaphandle kokuthuthuka.
Ukutshala imali kokuqala emishini kungabaluleka.
Ukusungulwa kokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iholele ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe eyinkimbinkimbi. Izinto ezintsha zihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi wandise uhla lwezinto zokwakha ezingahlukaniswa ngempumelelo.
Abahlukanisi be-electromagnetic
Ngokungafani nama-magnets ahlala njalo, abahlukanisi be-electromagnetic basebenzise imijikelezo kagesi ukukhiqiza amasimu kazibuthe. Lokhu kuvumela ukulungiswa kwamandla kazibuthe amandla okulingana nezinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zokuhlukanisa. Banikeza ukuguquguquka nokulawulwa okuthuthukile ekuhlukaniseni uhla olubanzi lwezintokazi kazibuthe kanye paramagnetic.
Ama-Nanoparticles Magnetic
Ku-Biomedical application, ama-manoparticles kazibuthe asetshenziselwa ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe kanye nezinqubo zokuhlukanisa ezingeni lamangqamuzana. Usayizi wabo omncane nendawo enkulu engaphezulu kwenza babophezele ngezinto ezithile, ezingahlukaniswa zisebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe. Lobu buchwepheshe bunesithembiso sezokwelapha kanye nokuxilongwa.
Ukucatshangelwa okungokoqobo kokuqalisa
Lapho uhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ezinqumweni zezimboni, kubalulekile ukucubungula izinto ezithonya ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.
Izici ezibonakalayo
Ukuqonda izakhiwo zamazibuthe, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, kanye nokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubalulekile. Lolu lwazi luqondisa ukukhethwa kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe efanelekile kanye nezilungiselelo ukufezekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa.
Ukukhethwa kwemishini nokubekwa
Ukukhetha imishini efanele kubandakanya ukuhlola amandla amandla adingekayo kazibuthe, ukwakheka kwe-uhlukanise, kanye nomthamo. Ukubekwa okufanele ngaphakathi komugqa wokucubungula kuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlukanisi esinamandla sibonisa ngempumelelo ukungcola ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwezinto zokwakha.
Ukulungiswa nokuhambisana nokulawula
Ukulungiswa njalo kuyadingeka ukugcina imishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe isebenza kahle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza ukususa izinhlayiya eziqoqiwe eziqongelelwe kanye nokuhlola ukugqoka nomonakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhambisana namazinga nemigomo yezimboni, njengaleyo ebekwe yi-FSMA, i-HACCP, kanye ne-ISO, kubalulekile ekufezekeni kokusebenza nokuphepha.
Izifundo zamacala nezibonelo zomkhakha
Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela komhlaba kwamandla kazibuthe kukhombisa izinzuzo zayo ezingokoqobo kanye nokucatshangelwa okubandakanyekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwalo.
Ukucutshungulwa kwama-sands amaminerali
Ekucutshungulweni kwamaSand Sands acebile ngamaminerali asindayo, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kusetshenziselwa ukwehlukanisa ilmenite kusuka ku-rutile engaphansi kazibuthe. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha i-dioxide ebalulekile ye-dioxide, esetshenziswa emigqonyeni nasekugqokeni.
Ukuphelelwa yimali kwamalahle
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kudlala indima ekwehliseni okuqukethwe se-sulfur kumalahle ngokususa ama-pyritic sulfur ahlanganisiwe. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamalahle kepha futhi kunciphisa imithelela yemvelo lapho amalahle eshiswe amandla.
Ukugcina
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kuyinqubo ebalulekile kuyo yonke imboni eminingi, enikeza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlanza izinto zokwakha futhi zivikele imishini ekungcolisweni. Ukuqonda izimiso nokusetshenziswa kokwehlukana kazibuthe kuvumela ukuqaliswa kwayo okusebenzayo, okuholela kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza. Njengobuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ubukhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokwehlukanisa kazibuthe kuyaqhubeka ukwandisa, ukuqinisa indima yayo ezinhlelweni zanamuhla zezimboni.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
1. Yiziphi izimboni ezizuzisa kakhulu kusuka ekuhlukaniseni kazibuthe?
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezokumbiwa phansi, ukuvumelanisa kabusha, ukucubungula kokudla, amakhambi emithi, kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali. Kuyasiza ekukhimane amaminerali abalulekile, kususe ukungcola, kanye nokuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo.
2. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana buthinta kanjani ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kobudala?
Usayizi omncane wezinhlayiyana kungaba yinselele ukwehlukanisa ngenxa yamandla aphansi kazibuthe asebenza kuwo. Izisetshenziswa ezikhethekile ezinjengezihlukanisi eziphakeme ze-gradient magnetic zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezinhle.
3. Ngabe ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kungasusa zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi ezivela kungxube?
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kuyasebenza nge-Ferrous kanye nezinye izinsimbi ze-paramagnetic. Izinsimbi ezingezona ama-magnetic afana ne-aluminium ne-zethusi azithinteki kumasimu kazibuthe futhi zidinga izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa.
4. Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kwimishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe?
Ukuhlanza njalo ukuze kususwe izinhlayiya ezibucayi ezibucayi kubalulekile. Ukuhlola ukugqokwa, ukulimala, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kazibuthe ahlala ngaphakathi kwamapharamitha okusebenza nawo ayadingeka ekusebenzeni kahle.
5
Ukwahlukanisa okuphezulu kwe-gradient magrecient kusetshenziswa matrix ahlelwe kahle ngaphakathi kwensimu kazibuthe ukudala ama-gradients aphezulu kakhulu wensimu. Lokhu kuvumela ukwahlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu abahlukanisi bendabuko abangase baphuthe.
6. Ingabe zikhona izinzuzo zemvelo zokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe?
Yebo, izinsiza-aids zokwehlukaniswa kazibuthe ezinqubweni zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ngokuthola izinsimbi kusuka emifundweni yokungcola, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, nokugcina izinsiza zemvelo. Kuyasiza nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemikhiqizo, okungaba nemithelela yemvelo.
7. Ngingayitholaphi imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ethembekile?
Isimo Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ingatholwa kusuka kubakhiqizi abakhethekile abanikeza uhla lwemikhiqizo ehambelana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Kubalulekile ukukhetha imishini ehlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
