Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kuyinqubo ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokususa okungcola okunamandla futhi uhlukanise izinto zobunzima ezivela ezingozini ezingezona ezibukwe. Ukuqonda imishini esetshenziswe kule nqubo kubalulekile ekwakheni kahle ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kanye nokuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo. Kulesi sihloko, singena ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezimbonini.
Izisekelo zokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kuncike ezingxenyeni ezibanzi ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokwakha. Izinto ze-Ferromagnetic ezinjengensimbi zikhangwa ngokuqinile kuma-marthets, kanti ama-paramagnetic kanye nezinto zokwakha diamagnetic zibonisa ukusebenzelana kazibuthe. Ngokuxhaphaza lo mehluko, izimboni zingahlukanisa izinhlayiya ezingafuneki ezifuywayo ezintweni zokwenziwa ngobuningi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuvikela imishini yokucubungula kusuka kumonakalo ongaba khona.
Izici Zobuthentshi Zezinto Zokwenziwa
Izinto zokwakha zihlukaniswa ngokususelwa ekunciphiseni kwakwamazi kazibuthe. Izinto ze-Ferromagnetic zinokutholwa okuphezulu futhi zikhangwa kakhulu amasimu kazibuthe. Izinto ze-paramagnetic zinokuthambekela okuhle kodwa okubuthakathaka, nezinto zokwakha ama-diamagnetic zinobunzima obubi, zibenze baxoshwe amasimu kazibuthe. Ukuqonda lezi zindawo kubalulekile ekukhetheni imishini yokuhlukanisa efanelekile.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishini ziqashwa ngokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, ngamunye aklanyelwe ukuphatha izinto ezithile nezidingo zokusebenza. Lapha, sihlola abahlukanisi bamabuzi abaningi abasetshenziswa kakhulu embonini.
Abahlukanisi be-Magnetic Drum
Abahlukanisi be-Magnetic Drum bahlanganisa okumile, uzibuthe ongapheli oboshwe ngaphakathi kwesigubhu esijikelezayo. Ziyasebenza ekususeni ukungcoliswa okukhulu okune-Ferrous kusuka ezintweni ezinobuningi ecubungulweni eyomile noma emanzi. Izinsimbi ze-Ferrous zikhangwa yindawo yesigubhu futhi zisuswe emfuleni obonakalayo njengoba umgqomo ejikeleza.
I-Overband Bagnetic HISTERS
Okwehlukaniswa kwezikhali okwedlule kumiswe ngaphezulu kwamabhande okuhambisa ukususa okungcola okunamandla okuvela ezintweni ezidluliselwe. Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kabusha nasekusebenzeni kwezimayini lapho kudingeka khona ukususwa kwensimbi yensimbi kudingeka ukuvikela ukulimala kwama-creasers kanye nama-mill.
Ama-magnetic pulley ahlukanisa
Ama-magnetic pulleys afaka esikhundleni sekhanda lohlelo lokuhambisa. Njengoba ibhande lokuhambisa lihamba, izinsimbi ezinobunzima zidonswa ePilley futhi zihlukaniswe nezinto ezingezona amabuthe. Le mishini ilungele ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo emisebenzini ephezulu yevolumu.
Ama-Magnetic Grate Surpoters
Kufakwe ama-magnetic noma ama-grid ama-hoppers, ama-chutes, kanye nama-ducts okubamba izinhlayiya ezinobunzima kusuka kumapondo owomile, ogeleza mahhala. Ziqukethe imigoqo kazibuthe ehlelwe ngendlela yegridi, iqinisekise ukuthi yonke impahla idlula eduze komkha kazibuthe.
Abahlukanisi bamabutho bamabuzi
Amapuleti kazibuthe asetshenziselwa ukususa insimbi ye-Ferrous Tramp ngensimbi eyethulwe ngamabhande, e-Chutes, noma ngaphezulu kwama-feeders. Zingafakwa ngenhla noma ngaphansi kokugeleza kwezinto ezibonakalayo futhi zisebenza ngokususa okungcola okukhulu okunempilo.
Izihlungi zikamabuzi kanye nezicupho eziwuketshezi
Okwezicelo eziwuketshezi ne-slurry, izihlungi zikamagnetic kanye nezicupho ziqashiwe. Basusa izinhlayiya ezinamandla kusuka kumanzi e-viscous, ukuvikela imishini ephansi njengamaphampu nama-valve. Abahlukanisi babaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezinjengokusebenza kokudla kanye nemithi yezemithi.
Izicelo kuyo yonke imboni
Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe iyasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ukuthuthukisa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo nokuvikela imishini yokucubungula. Ake sihlole ukuthi imikhakha ehlukene isebenzisa kanjani lobu buchwepheshe.
Umkhakha Wokudla Nesiphuzo
Embonini yokudla nokuphuza, abahlukanisi bakaMagnetic baqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ikhululekile ekungcolisweni okunamandla, okungabeka izingozi zempilo. Sisebenzisa ama-magthetic ama-grates kanye nokuhlunga ukususa izinhlayiya zensimbi kusuka kuma-srains, ufulawa, ushukela kanye noketshezi, kuhambisana namazinga okuphepha kokudla afana ne-HACCP ne-FSMA.
Ukucubungula kwezimayini kanye namaminerali
Umkhakha wezokumbiwa phansi usebenzisa ukwahlukana kazibuthe ukukhipha amaminerali abalulekile futhi asuse i-iron engafuneki kusuka kumaminerali angewona ama-nex. Imishini efana nezigubhu zama-magthetic kanye ne-pulleys zisiza ekusebenzeni kwamalahle, amaminerali e-iron ore, kanye namaminerali omhlaba avamile ngokuphumelelayo.
Umkhakha wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha
Abasizi bamabuzi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni kabusha ngokuhlukanisa izinsimbi ezivuthayo emifuleni yokungcola. Siqasha ama-magnets we-oplind
Amakhemikhali nezemithi
Ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali nakwezemithi, ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izihlungi ze-Magnetic kanye nezicupho zisusa izinhlayiya ezinhle ze-ferrous kusuka kumakhemikhali e-liquid kanye nama-slurries, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokugcina kanye nokuvimbela imishini abrasion.
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Intuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Abahlukanisi abasezingeni eliphakeme abasezingeni eliphakeme kanye nama-superconducting magnets anwebekile ububanzi bezinto ezihlukanisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukile kokuhlukaniswa okuhle kwezinhlayiya.
Abahlukanisi abasezingeni eliphakeme abaphezulu (HGMS)
Ubuchwepheshe be-HGMS busebenzisa i-gradient enamandla kazibuthe yokuthwebula izinhlayiya ezibuthakathaka ezibonakalayo ezintweni ezinhle. Kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kwamaminerali kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, lapho izinhlayiya ezinhle ze-paramagnetic zidinga ukususwa.
Superconducting abahlukanisi bamabuzi
Ama-Superconducting Magnets akhiqiza amasimu aphezulu kazibuthe ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile okukhiqizwe ama-elektromagnets ajwayelekile. Zivumela ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ezibuthakathaka futhi zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile ezifana nokuhlaziywa kwe-kaolin Clay nokuhlanzwa kwezithako ezenza imithi.
Design Ukucatshangelwa Kwezinhlelo Zokwehlukaniswa Kamabanzi
Ukuqamba uhlelo olusebenzayo lwamandla kazibuthe kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinto ezibonakalayo, amapharamitha enqubo kanye nezinhloso zokusebenza.
Izici ezibonakalayo
Kufanele sicabangele usayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukwakheka, kanye nokususwa kwamazibuthe. Izinhlayiya ezinhle zingadinga abahlukanisi beziqu eziphakeme, ngenkathi izinto ezihlanganayo zingahle zicutshungulwe ngokwanele ngesigubhu esijwayelekile noma abahlukanisi be-epredband.
Inqubo yokugeleza kokugeleza
Ukubekwa kwabahlukanisi bamabuzi ngaphakathi kokugeleza kwenqubo kubalulekile. Simise amasu wokubeka izinto zokususa ama-contamion angenhla athambile ezindaweni lapho kungenzeka khona ukufaka umfudlana womkhiqizo, njengama-creaser noma ngaphambi kokupakishwa.
Izici zezemvelo nezokuphepha
Izimo ezisebenzayo ezinjengokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni ezinamandla zokuthonya izinsiza. Siphinde futhi siqinisekise ukuthi abahlukanisi bahambisana nemithetho yezokuphepha, ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhambisana namasimu kazibuthe nemishini yokuhamba.
Ukulungiswa kanye nokwenza kahle
Ukulungiswa njalo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Sihlela ukuhlolwa kokuhlola ukugqoka, ukonakaliswa kwamandla kazibuthe, nobuqotho bemishini.
Izinqubo Zokuhlanza
Izinto eziqoqiwe ze-ferrous zinganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-desaration. Sisebenzisa izivumelwano zokuhlanza ezijwayelekile, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza ngesandla noma izindlela zokuzihlanza, ukugcina ukusebenza kwempahla.
Ukuqapha ukusebenza
Siqapha ukusebenza kwemishini ngokulandela umkhondo wokususa iziqu zokungcola ezinobunzima kanye nokuqhuba izivivinyo zamandla amakhulu kazibuthe. Idatha eqoqwe ngosizo ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini noma ukushintshwa.
Izifundo zamacala
Ukuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela emhlabeni kuhlinzeka ngokuqonda ngezinselelo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixazululo ezihambisana nemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe.
Ukusebenza kokusebenza kokudla kokudla
Umakhi we-celleal wabhekana nokungcola kwensimbi ngenxa yokugqoka kwemishini. Ngokufaka ama-grates kazibuthe kanye nabahlukanisi bepuleti ezindaweni ezibucayi, banciphise umkhiqizo uyakhumbula futhi banamathela ngokuqinile amazinga okuphepha kokudla.
Ukusebenza kahle kwezimayini kukhuthaza
Inkampani yezimayini yokuphatha isihlabathi seSilica yafuna ukususa ukungcola kwensimbi. Ukuqalisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhundla eziphakeme ze-gradient abevumele ukuba bathuthukise ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo, okuholela enanini eliphakeme lemakethe yomkhiqizo wabo.
Umthelela wezemvelo kanye nokusimama
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kunomthelela ekusimeni kwemvelo ngokunika amandla ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kwezinsimbi ze-ferrous kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza. Sibona indima yayo ekuthuthukiseni ukongiwa kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komhlaba.
Ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza
Ngokuhlukanisa kahle izinsimbi ezivela emifudlaneni yokungcola, abahlukanisi bamabuzi banciphisa umthamo wokungcola okudinga ukulahla. Le nqubo isekela imigomo yezomnotho eyindilinga futhi yehlise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Ukulondolozwa kwamandla
Izinsimbi zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha zidla amandla amancane kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nokukhiqiza izinsimbi ezivela eVirgin Ore. Sifaka isandla ekusokeni kwamandla kanye nokuncishiswa kwegesi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokwenza lula ukulungiswa kwensimbi ngokusebenzisa ukwahlukana kazibuthe.
Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo ekuhlukaniseni kazibuthe
Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko kungukuvunyelwa okusha kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Silindele ukuthuthuka okuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kunciphise izindleko, futhi kwandise izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Izicelo ze-Nanotechnology
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-magnetic nanoparticles kunikeza amathuba okuhlukanisa ukungcoliswa okuhle kakhulu kanye nezicelo ze-biomedical njengokulethwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe. Sibona kusengaphambili ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nanotechnology ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamazinga amancane.
Ezenzakalelayo nezinhlelo ezi-smart
Ukufaka izinzwa kanye ne-automation kuvumela ukuqapha kwangempela kanye nokulungiswa kwezinqubo zokuhlukanisa. Silindele amasistimu wokuhlukanisa we-smart kazibuthe we-smart wandise ukusebenza futhi anciphise ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla.
Ukugcina
Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe iyabonakala ibaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuvikela imishini, nokukhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini nezinhlelo zawo ezifanele, singakwazi ukwandisa izinqubo zokuhlukanisa futhi sibhekane nezinselelo ezizayo ngezixazululo ezintsha.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
1. Yini ukwahlukana kazibuthe okusetshenziselwa?
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kusetshenziselwa ukususa okungcona okunamandla kusuka ezintweni zokwenziwa, zihlukanise izinto zikamabanzi ezivela ezinhlamvwini ezingezona ezizibuthe, futhi zivuselele izinsimbi ezibalulekile. Kubalulekile ezimbonini ezinjengokucutshungulwa kokudla, ukumbiwa phansi kwezimayini, nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.
2
Isihlukanisi sesigubhu kazibuthe sinokumatheka okumisiwe ngaphakathi kwesigubhu esijikelezayo. Njengoba izinto zidlula isigubhu, izinsimbi ze-ferrous zikhangwa yindawo yesigubhu futhi zihlukaniswe nezinto ezingezona amabuthe, eziqhubeka ukugeleza ngokukhululeka.
3. Iziphi izinto ezithonya ukukhethwa kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe?
Izici ezibalulekile zifaka izakhiwo zikamazibuthe ezibonakalayo, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, izimo zokucubungula, amazinga wokuhlanza ofiselekayo, kanye nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza zomkhakha noma isicelo.
4. Kungani ukulungiswa kubalulekile kubahlukanisi bakazibuthe?
Isondlo siqinisekisa ukuthi abahlukanisi bamabuzi basebenza ngokusebenza kahle. Ukuhlanza njalo nokuhlola kuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwezinto zokwakha, thola ukugqoka nokuklebhula, futhi kugcinwe amasimu kazibuthe aqinile wokwahlukana okusebenzayo.
5. Ingabe ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kungasusa zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi?
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kuyasebenza ngezinsimbi ezinobunzima nezinye izinto ezibuthakathaka. Izinsimbi ezingezona ze-magnetic afana ne-aluminium, yethusi, futhi ithusi alikwazi ukuhlukaniswa kusetshenziswa imishini ejwayelekile kazibuthe futhi ingadinga ezinye izindlela zokwehlukanisa.
6
Abahlukanisi abasezingeni eliphakeme bakwa-Gradient Magnetic basetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu noma izinto ezibuthakathaka. Bakhiqiza ama-gradients aqinile kazibuthe, avumela ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile.
7. Ukwahlukana kazibuthe kufaka isandla ekusimama kwemvelo?
Ngokuthola kabusha izinsimbi ezi-Ferrous kusuka emifundweni yokungcola, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-landfill, kugcina izinsiza zemvelo, futhi kusindisa amandla adingekayo ukukhiqiza izinsimbi ezivela kuma-ores aluhlaza. Ixhasa imizamo yokuvuselela kabusha futhi inciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
