Isingeniso
Ukuhlukaniswa kukamagnetic sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinqubo ebalulekile ezimbonini kusukela kwezimbiwayo kuya ekusetshenzisweni kabusha. Ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlelo kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kwe Izisetshenziswa Zokuhlukanisa ZikaMazibuthe , ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izinto eziyinsimbi nezingezona ezensimbi. Ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza sale mishini kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwezinqubo zezimboni. Lesi sihloko sicubungula izimiso ezibalulekile ngemuva kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe, ihlola isayensi eyenza ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
Izisekelo Zokuhlukaniswa Kwezibuthe
Emgogodleni wayo, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kuyinqubo esebenzisa amandla kazibuthe wezinto ezithile ukuze izihlukanise kwezinye. Le ndlela incike kumandla kazibuthe asetshenziswa ezintweni ze-ferromagnetic. Uma zivezwe endaweni kazibuthe, lezi zinto zokusebenza zithola ukukhangwa noma ukunyanyiswa, okuvumela ukukhishwa kwazo ezixubeni.
Umgomo oyisisekelo uhilela ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kazibuthe ngozibuthe noma i-electromagnetic ngaphakathi kwempahla. Izinto ezidlula ensimini zithonywa ngokusekelwe ekuthintekeni kwazo kazibuthe. Izinto zokwakha ze-Ferromagnetic, njenge-iron ne-nickel, zikhangwa kakhulu futhi zingahlukaniswa ngokuphumelelayo. Izinto zeParamagnetic zibonisa ukukhanga okubuthakathaka, kuyilapho izinto ze-diamagnetic zixoshwa.
Izinhlobo Zezisetshenziswa Zokuhlukanisa Zemagnetic
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe eyenzelwe ukuphatha izinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zokuhlukanisa. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ekukhetheni izinto zokusebenza ezifanele izidingo ezithile zezimboni.
I-Drum Magnetic Separators
Izihlukanisi ze-Drum magnetic zivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimayini. Aqukethe isigubhu esijikelezayo esinozibuthe ngaphakathi. I-ore slurry idliswa phezu kwesigubhu, futhi izinhlayiya kazibuthe zikhangwa endaweni yesigubhu, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingezona kazibuthe zigeleza zihambe. Le ndlela iphumelela ukuhlukanisa izinto eziningi ezisansimbi.
I-Overband Magnetic Separators
Okwaziwa nangokuthi omazibuthe abamisiwe, izihlukanisi kazibuthe ezi-overband zifakwa ngenhla kwamabhande okuthutha ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okusansimbi emfudlaneni womkhiqizo. Zilungele izimboni lapho ukungcola kwensimbi kudinga ukususwa ezintweni ezifana namalahle, itshe, noma okusanhlamvu.
Eddy Abahlukanisi Bamanje
Izihlukanisi zamanje ze-Eddy zisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezintweni ezingezona ezensimbi. Basebenzisa i-rotor kazibuthe ene-polarity eshintshanayo ukuze bafake ama-eddy currents ezinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni, okubenza baxoshwe futhi bahlukaniswe nokugeleza komkhiqizo oyinhloko.
Isimiso Esisebenzayo Sezisetshenziswa Zokuhlukanisa Zibuthe
Umgomo wokusebenza wezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuhlukanisa uzibuthe uzungeza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kazibuthe kanye nokusebenzisana kwalawa mandla ngezinto ezinezinto ezinozibuthe. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zikhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe, kungaba ngozibuthe baphakade noma izibuthe zikagesi, esebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ezintweni ezivundile noma ze-paramagnetic ekusakazeni komkhiqizo.
Uma ingxube yezinto idlula endaweni kazibuthe, izinhlayiya ezinokuthinteka kazibuthe zikhangwa zibheke emthonjeni kazibuthe. Lokhu kukhanga kubangela izinhlayiya kazibuthe ukuba ziphambuke endleleni yezinhlayiya ezingezona kazibuthe, ngaleyo ndlela zizuze ukuhlukana. Ukusebenza kahle kwale nqubo kuncike ezicini ezinjengamandla okusebenza kazibuthe, isivinini izinto ezidlula ngaso ensimini, nobukhulu kanye nokuba sengozini kazibuthe kwezinhlayiya.
I-Magnetic Field Generation
Izinkambu zikazibuthe kumishini yokuhlukanisa zikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izibuthe ezihlala njalo noma izibuthe zikagesi. Ozibuthe baphakade banikeza inkambu kazibuthe engaguquki ngaphandle kwesidingo samandla angaphandle, okubenza bonge amandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-electromagnets anikeza amandla kazibuthe ashintshekayo, okuvumela ukulawula okukhulu phezu kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.
I-particle Trajectory kanye nokwehlukana
I-trajectory yezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwendawo kazibuthe ithonywa izici zazo kazibuthe. Izinhlayiya zikazibuthe zithola amandla aziqondisa kabusha ngakuzibuthe, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingezona kazibuthe ziqhubeka endleleni yazo yasekuqaleni. Ngokubeka izindawo zokuqoqa ngobuchule, okokusebenza kuhlukanisa izinto kazibuthe nezingezona kazibuthe ngempumelelo.
Izinto Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kokuhlukaniswa Kwezibuthe
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokuhlukanisa kanye nokufinyelela izinga elifunekayo lokuhlanzeka ezintweni ezihlukene.
Amandla Ensimu Yamagnetic
Amandla kazibuthe ayisici esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukana. Amandla kazibuthe anamandla anamandla amakhulu ezinhlayiyeni kazibuthe, athuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezinozibuthe ezibuthakathaka noma ezincane. Ukulungisa amandla kazibuthe kungathuthukisa ukukhetha kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.
Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana kanye nokuba sengozini kazibuthe
Ubukhulu kanye nokuba sengozini kazibuthe kwezinhlayiya kunquma ukuthi zisabela kanjani endaweni kazibuthe. Izinhlayiya ezincane noma lezo ezithinteka kancane kazibuthe zingadinga izindawo ezinozibuthe ezinamandla noma isivinini sokucubungula esinensayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlukana okuphumelelayo. Ukwenza amasethingi wemishini ahambisane nezici ezithile zezinto kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
Izinga lokuphakelayo
Izinga okufakwa ngalo impahla kumishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe lithonya inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Izinga lokuphakelayo eliphezulu lingase linciphise isikhathi sokuchayeka kwezinhlayiya endaweni kazibuthe, linciphise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukana. Ukulinganisa izinga lokuphakelayo namandla wezisetshenziswa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle.
Izicelo Zezisetshenziswa Zokuhlukanisa Zibuthe
Imishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe ithola izinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhlukanisa kahle izinto ezisetshenziswa kazibuthe kuzingxube. Ezinye zezimboni ezibalulekile ezisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe zihlanganisa:
Ukucutshungulwa Kwezimayini kanye Nezimbiwa
Ezimayini, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kusetshenziselwa ukukhipha amaminerali kazibuthe ku-ores. Le nqubo ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi ngokususa ukungcola, okuholela ekuvuneni okuphezulu kanye nokucubungula okusebenzayo komfula.
Ukugaywa kabusha kanye Nokuphathwa Kwemfucuza
Izinto zokuhlukanisa kazibuthe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugayweni kabusha ngokususa izinsimbi ezisansimbi ekusakazweni kwemfucuza. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokubuyisela izinsimbi ezibalulekile kodwa futhi ivimbela ukulimala nokungcoliswa kwemishini ezindaweni zokugaywa kabusha.
Izimboni Zokudla Nemithi
Ezimbonini zokudla nemithi, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwemikhiqizo ngokuqeda ukungcola kwensimbi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga ezempilo nokuphepha kanye nokugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Intuthuko Kubuchwepheshe Bokuhlukaniswa Kwezibuthe
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle namandla emishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Izinto ezintsha zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kozibuthe bamandla aphezulu, amasistimu okulawula athuthukisiwe, nezisetshenziswa ezidizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
Isibonelo, ukwethulwa kwezibuthe ezingavamile emhlabeni kuholele kumagnethi anamandla, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezinozibuthe ezincane noma ezibuthakathaka. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo zokulawula zesimanje zivumela ukuqapha nokulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela, okuthuthukisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.
Izibonelo Zezimboni kanye Nezibonelo Zezimboni
Ukukhombisa ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe, ake sihlole ezinye izifundo zemboni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwalezo zisetshenziswa kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu.
Impumelelo Yemboni Yezimayini
Inkampani yezimayini ecubungula insimbi yensimbi isebenzise okokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuhlukanisa kazibuthe ukuze yandise ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo wabo. Ngokuthuthukisa amandla kazibuthe kanye nesilinganiso sokudla, bathole ukukhuphuka okungu-5% kokuqukethwe kwensimbi ngenkathi behlisa ukungcola. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuholele enanini eliphezulu lemakethe nokunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kabusha Kokugaywa kabusha
Isikhungo sokugaywa kabusha sihlanganisa izihlukanisi kazibuthe ezinamandla kakhulu ukuze kukhishwe izinsimbi ezisansimbi kudoti kamasipala. Ukuqaliswa kuphumele ekwenyukeni kwama-20% ekuvuselelweni kwensimbi, okunomthelela ekusimameni kwemvelo kanye nokukhiqiza imali eyengeziwe ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha.
Ukukhetha Isisetshenziswa Sokuhlukanisa Sezibuthe Esingakwesokudla
Ukukhetha okokusebenza okufanele okuhlukanisa kazibuthe kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa imvelo yezinto okufanele zicutshungulwe, amazinga okuhlanzeka afiswayo, kanye nezingqinamba zokusebenza.
Ukubonisana nochwepheshe nokubuyekeza imininingwane kungasiza ekukhetheni okokusebenza okuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza. Izinto ezinjengamandla kazibuthe, usayizi wemishini, nezidingo zokunakekelwa kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwesondlo Nokuphepha
Ukugcinwa okuvamile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Ukuhlola okuhleliwe, ukuhlanzwa, nokuhlolwa kwamandla kazibuthe kusiza ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle nokuvimbela isikhathi sokuphumula esingalindelekile.
Ukuphepha nakho kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile. Ama-opharetha kufanele aqeqeshelwe ukuphatha izindawo eziqinile kazibuthe ngokuphepha, futhi okokusebenza kufanele kuklanywe ngezivikelo zokuvikela izingozi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa omagnethi abakhulu.
Ikusasa Lokuhlukanisa Ubuchwepheshe Bezibuthe
Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe liyathembisa, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo olugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle nokwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuthuthuka kozibuthe abakhulu kanye nezinto zikazibuthe kungase kuholele emikhakheni kazibuthe enamandla nakakhulu nezinqubo zokuhlukanisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa imishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe nobunye ubuchwepheshe, njengokuhlela ngokubona kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kungase kuguqule izimboni zokucubungula izinto. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuhlose ukuzuza amazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka kanye nokwenza inqubo yokuhlukanisa ngokuzenzakalela ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza semishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe kubalulekile ezimbonini ezithembele ekuhlukaniseni kahle kwezinto. Amandla okuhlukanisa kazibuthe ezintweni ezingezona kazibuthe athuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, akhuphule ukusebenza kahle, futhi abambe iqhaza ekusimameni kwemvelo. Ngokukhetha amathuluzi afanele kanye nokwenza kahle amapharamitha okusebenza, amabhizinisi angasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo ze Izinsiza Zokuhlukanisa Zemagnetic ezinqubweni zabo. Intuthuko eqhubekayo ithembisa amandla amakhulu nakakhulu, okwenza ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kube ubuchwepheshe obuguqukayo nobubalulekile ezimbonini zokucubungula izinto.
