Ukuqalisa
Ukwahlukana kazibuthe sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinqubo ebalulekile ezimbonini ezisukela ezimayini ukuze ziphinde zisebenze. Ukusebenza kahle kwale nqubo kuhingelwa ukusebenza kwe Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe , edlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni izinto zensimbi ezivela ezintweni ezingezona zensimbi. Ukuqonda umthetho osebenzayo wale mishini kubalulekile ekwakheni uhlelo lwayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Le ndatshana idlulela ezimisweni eziyisisekelo ngemuva kwemishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, ukuhlola isayensi eyenza kube yingxenye ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Izisekelo zokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe
Emgogodleni wayo, ukwahlukana kazibuthe kuyinqubo eshintsha izakhiwo ezibukwe zezinto ezithile zokuzihlukanisa nabanye. Le ndlela ithembela emandleni kazibuthe asetshenzisiwe ngezinto zokwakha i-ferromagnetic. Lapho kuvezwa amandla kazibuthe, lezi zinto zokwenziwa zithola ukuheha noma zixoshwa, zivumela ukukhishwa kwazo ekuxubeni.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sibandakanya isizukulwane samandla kazibuthe yi-magnet noma i-electromagnet ngaphakathi kwemishini. Izinto zokwakha ezidlula enkundleni zithonywa ngokusekelwe ekunciphiseni kwamandla kazibuthe. Izinto ze-ferromagnetic, ezinjenge-iron ne-nickel, zikhanga kakhulu futhi zingahlukaniswa kahle. Izinto zokwenziwa kwe-paramagnetic zibonisa ukuheha okubuthakathaka, kanti izinto zokwakha ama-diamagnetic zibuyiselwa.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe eyenzelwe ukuphatha izinto ezahlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zokuhlukanisa. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza ekukhetheni imishini efanelekile yezidingo ezithile zezimboni.
I-Drum Magnetic HISSTERS
Abasizi bamabuzi be-DRUM bavame ukusetshenziswa embonini yezimayini. Ziqukethe isigubhu esijikelezayo esinama-magnets ngaphakathi. I-Ore Slurry idliwa ngaphezulu kwesigubhu, futhi izinhlayiyana kazibuthe zikhangwa yindawo yesigubhu, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingezona amabuthe ziphuma. Le ndlela isebenza kahle ngokuhlukanisa inqwaba yezinto zokwakha ezinobunzima.
I-Overband Bagnetic HISTERS
Waziwa nangokuthi ama-magnets amisiwe, abahlukanisi bamabuyizi obude bafakwa ngaphezulu kwamabhande okuhambisa ukususa okungcola okungokomfanekiso kusuka ekusakazweni komkhiqizo. Balungele izimboni lapho ukungcoliswa kwensimbi kudinga ukususwa ezintweni ezinjengelahle, itshe, noma okusanhlamvu.
Abahlukanisi Bamanje Abakwa-Eddy
Abahlukanisi bamanje bakwa-Eddy basetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izinsimbi ezingezona ezi-Ferrous kusuka ezintweni ezingezona zensimbi. Basebenzisa i-rotor kazibuthe ngokushintshana kwamapholisa ukunxenxa ama-eddy currents ezinsimbi ezingezona izinsimbi, zibenze baxoshwe futhi bahlukaniswe nomgwaqo omkhulu womkhiqizo.
Ukusebenza komgomo wemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Umgomo osebenzayo wemishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ujikeleza esizukulwaneni samabutho kazibuthe kanye nokuxhumana kwalawa mabutho anezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Imishini ikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe, kungaba ngama-magnets angapheli noma ama-electromagnets, anamandla amakhulu ezinto ezibucayi noma ze-paramagnetic ezintweni zokusakaza umkhiqizo.
Lapho ingxube yezinto zokwakha idlula emakhaleni kazibuthe, izinhlayiya ezinokususelwa kwamandla zikhangwa emthonjeni kazibuthe. Lokhu okuhehayo kubangela ukuba izinhlayiyana ezibucayi ziphambuke endleleni yezinhlayiya ezingewona amazibuthe, ngaleyo ndlela zifeze ukwahlukana. Ukusebenza kahle kwale nqubo kuncike ezintweni ezinjengamandla amandla kazibuthe, ijubane lapho izinto zokwakha zidlula khona insimu, nosayizi kanye nokususwa kwamazibuthe kwezinhlayiya.
Isizukulwane samandla kazibuthe
Amandla kazibuthe emishini yokuhlukanisa akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ama-magnets angapheli noma ama-electromagnets. UMagnets Waphakade unikeza amandla kazibuthe ahlala njalo ngaphandle kwesidingo samandla angaphandle, abenze basebenze kahle amandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-elekthronimu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anikele amandla aguqukayo kazibuthe, avumela ukulawulwa okukhulu kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.
I-Particle Trajectory nokuhlukaniswa
I-trajectory yezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwensimu kazibuthe ithonywa yizakhiwo zazo zasolwandle. Izinhlayiyana kazibuthekile zithola amandla azihlelayo magneet, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingezona amabuthe ziyaqhubeka nasendleleni yazo yokuqala. Ngokufaka amasu wokuqoqa amaphuzu, imishini ihlukanisa ubulu bukagreyithi kusuka ezintweni ezingezona ezibukwe ngempumelelo.
Izici ezithinta ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kazibuthe
Kunezici eziningana zithinta ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kubalulekile ukwenza kahle inqubo yokuhlukanisa nokuthola izinga elifunekayo lobumsulwa kwezinto ezihlukanisiwe.
Amandla kazibuthe
Amandla ama-magnetic field yinto eyinhloko ethinta ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa. Amandla kazibuthe anamandla anamandla amakhulu amabutho amakhulu ezinhlayiyeni zamazibuthe, ethuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezibuthakathaka noma ezincane. Ukulungisa amandla kazibuthe amandla kungathuthukisa ukukhetha kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.
Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana kanye nokuncipha kazibuthe
Ubukhulu kanye nokuncipha kazibuthe kwezinhlayiya kunquma ukuthi baphendula kanjani kumandla kazibuthe. Izinhlayiya ezincane noma lezo ezinezinkinga eziphansi zamandla zingadinga amandla amakhulu kazibuthe noma ijubane lokucubungula kancane ukuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo. Ukuvumelanisa izilungiselelo zemishini kwizici ezithile zezinto ezibonakalayo zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
Isilinganiso sokuphakelayo
Izinga lapho impahla idliswa khona imishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe ithonya inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Izinga eliphakeme lokuphakelayo linganciphisa isikhathi sokuvezwa kwezinhlayiya kumandla kazibuthe, sinciphise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa. Ukulinganisa izinga lokuphakelayo kanye nomthamo wemishini kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle.
Izicelo zemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ithola izinhlelo zokusebenza kuyo yonke imboni ehlukahlukene ngenxa yekhono layo lokuhlukanisa izinto ezibucayi kahle ezingcunjini. Eminye yemikhakha ebalulekile esebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ifaka phakathi:
Ukucubungula kwezimayini kanye namaminerali
Emayini, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kusetshenziselwa ukukhipha amaminerali kazibuthe kusuka ku-ores. Le nqubo ithuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-ore ngokususa ukungcola, okuholela ekuvuthweni okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwehla.
Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza
Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni kabusha ngokususa izinsimbi ezinobunzima emifudlaneni yokungcola. Le nqubo ayigcini nje ngokuthola kabusha izinsimbi ezibalulekile kepha futhi ivimbela ukulimala kwemishini nokungcoliswa kwezindawo zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha.
Izimboni Zokudla Nezemithi
Embonini yezimboni zokudla kanye nezemithi, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bemikhiqizo ngokuqeda abangcolisweni bensimbi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngokuhlangana namazinga wezempilo nokuphepha kanye nokugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe
Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye namakhono wemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Ukusungulwa kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwama-magnets anamandla amakhulu, izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokulawula, kanye nemishini eyenzelwe izinhlelo ezithile.
Isibonelo, ukwethulwa kwe-Rare-Earth Magnets kuholele kumasimu kazibuthe anamandla, okwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezinhle noma ezibuthakathaka. Ngokwengeziwe, izinhlelo zanamuhla zokulawula zivumela ukuqapha kabusha isikhathi sangempela kanye nezinguquko, okwenza ngcono inqubo yokuhlukanisa.
Izifundo zamacala nezibonelo zomkhakha
Ukubonisa ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe, ake sihlole ezinye izifundo zemboni lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukusebenza kwalolo mshini ukuthuthuka okukhulu.
Impumelelo yezezimbizani
Inkampani yezimayini ecubungula i-Iron Ore yenziwe ngokwenza izinto ezithuthukile zokwehlukanisa amazibuthe ukukhulisa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo wabo. Ngokwandisa amandla kazibuthe amandla kanye nezinga lokuphakelayo, bathola ukwanda okungu-5% kokuqukethwe kwensimbi ngenkathi benciphisa ukungcola. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuholele enanini eliphakeme lemakethe kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe zokucubungula.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kabusha kokuvuselela kabusha
Isikhungo sokuphinda sisebenze kabusha sahlanganisa abahlukanisi bama-magnetic abaphakeme kakhulu ukuze bakhiphe izinsimbi ezinobunzima obuvela ekudotini kamasipala. Ukuqaliswa kwaholela ekukhuphukeni kwama-20% ekubuyiselweni kwensimbi, okufaka isandla ekusimeni kwemvelo kanye nokukhiqiza imali eyengeziwe evela ezintweni ezenziwe kabusha.
Ukukhetha imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe efanelekile
Ukukhetha imishini efanelekile yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe kudinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela kwezici eziningana, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa, amazinga okuhlanzeka afunekayo, kanye nezingqinamba zokusebenza.
Ukubonisana nochwepheshe kanye nokubukeza imininingwane kungasiza ekukhetheni imishini ehlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza. Izici ezinjengamandla kazibuthe, usayizi wezinto zokusebenza, kanye nezidingo zokulungiswa kufanele kuhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ukucatshangelwa kanye nokuphepha kokuphepha
Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamandla kazibuthe kusiza ekugcinweni kokusebenza kahle nokuvimbela isikhathi esingalindelekile.
Ukuphepha nakho kungukucatshangelwa okubucayi. Ama-opharetha kufanele aqeqeshelwe ukuphatha amasimu aqinile kazibuthe ngokuphepha, futhi imishini kufanele yakhelwe ngezivikelo ukuvikela izingozi, ikakhulukazi ezikhungweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-magnets amakhulu.
Ikusasa lobugqwetha kazibuthe
Ikusasa lobuKanisi lokuhlukanisa ubuchwepheshe liyathembisa, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo olugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuthuthuka kwama-magnets we-superconducting kanye nezintokazi kazibuthe kungaholela kumasimu kazibuthe aqine kakhulu nezinqubo ezisebenzayo zokwahlukana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ehlanganisa imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe nobunye ubuchwepheshe, njengokuhlungwa kokukhanya kanye nobuhlakani bokufakelwa, kungaguqula izimboni zokucubungula ezibonakalayo. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuhlose ukufezekisa amazinga wokuhlanzeka okuphezulu futhi kuguqulwe inqubo yokuhlukanisa ukukhiqiza okuthuthukile.
Ukugcina
Ukuqonda umthetho osebenzayo wemishini yokuhlukanisa kazibuthe kubalulekile ezimbonini ezincike ekuhlukaniseni okusebenzayo kwezinto zokwakha. Amandla okuhlukanisa ama-magnetic kusuka ezintweni ezingewona amabuthe zithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza, futhi kunomthelela ekusimeni kwemvelo. Ngokukhetha imishini efanelekile nokwenza kahle amapharamitha okusebenza, amabhizinisi angakhuthaza ngokuphelele izinzuzo ze Imishini yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe ezinqubweni zabo. Intuthuko eqhubekayo ithembisa amakhono amakhulu, okwenza ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kube ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ezimbonini ezibonakalayo.
