Ukuqalisa
Abahlukanisi bama-magnetic abaphezulu abaphezulu baba yithuluzi elisemqoka embonini yokusebenza kwamaminerali. Amandla abo okuhlukanisa izinto zikamabumba ezivela kubalingani be-non-bagnetic bathuthukisa ubumsulwa kanye nekhwalithi yama-ores acutshunguliwe. Ngokukhiqiza amasimu aqinile kazibuthe, laba abahlukanisi baheha futhi basuse ukungcoliswa okungcolile, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuzuzeni amaminerali ahlukahlukene. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obufana ne Isihlukanisi esiphakeme esiphakeme esiphakeme-sokumunca- sithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenza kwalezi zinqubo zokwehlukanisa.
Isimiso sokuhlukaniswa kwamandla kazibuthe okuphezulu
Isimiso esiyisisekelo esisezingeni eliphakeme sokuhlukaniswa kwamandla kazibuthe lilele ekuxhaseni umehluko wobunzima obukhulu phakathi kwamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Lapho inhlanganisela yezinto zokwakha ivezwa amandla kazibuthe, izinhlayiya eziphakeme kakhulu zezinkazimu zikhangwa umthombo wamandla kazibuthe, ngenkathi lezo ezinokwethuka zihlala zingasebenzi. Le mpahla inika amandla ukuhlukaniswa kwama-magnetic amaminerali avela ezinhlamvini ezingezona ezizibuthe, ezibalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni.
Isizukulwane samandla kazibuthe
Amasimu we-High Ukuqina kazibuthe akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ama-electromagnets noma ama-magnets anaphakade. I-Electromagnets iqukethe amakhoyili e-wire lapho ugeleza kagesi kagesi, udala ukulingana kwamandla kazibuthe kuya kwamanje. Lokhu kuvumela amandla enkambu aguqukayo, okwenza ama-electromagnets aguquguquke ngezicelo ezihlukile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-magnets anaphakade akhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ahlala njalo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka kagesi, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokuncishiswa kwamandla.
Intuthuko ezintweni ze-Magnet, njenge-Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NDFEB) neSamarium-Cobalt (i-SMCO), ziholele ekuthuthukisweni kwama-Magnets anamandla amakhulu kanye nokumelana nokukhiqizwa kwe-demization. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zinika amandla ukwakhiwa kwabahlukanisi abanobunzima obukhulu nabacwebezelayo.
Umshini wokuhlukanisa we-magnetic
Inqubo yokuhlukanisa ifaka ukondla ingxubevange yezinto ezibonakalayo kwisehlukaniso samazibuthe, lapho idlula khona ngamandla kazibuthe. Izinhlayiyana kazibuthekile zithola amandla azidonsela emthonjeni wensimu, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingezona amabuthe ziyaqhubeka endleleni yazo ngenxa ye-inertia noma zingcoliswe amandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu kunyakaza okuhlukile kuphumela ekuhlukaniselweni kwezinto ezisuselwa kwizakhiwo zazo zasolwandle.
Izinhlobo Zokwehlukana Okuphezulu Kwama-Magnetic
Abahlukanisi bama-magnetic abaphezulu bahlukaniswe ngezigaba ngokususelwa ekwakhiweni kwabo nasekusebenzeni lapho basebenza khona. Izinhlobo eziphambili zifaka:
Amanzi aphezulu aphezulu ahlukanise izigaba zamandla kazibuthe (ama-whims)
Ama-whims enzelwe ukucutshungulwa okumanzi kwamaminerali agobhoze kahle ama-paramagnetic. Basebenzisa i-matrix yamapuleti abunjiwe noma izintambo ngaphakathi kwensimu kazibuthe. Njengoba i-slurry idlula kwi-matrix, izinhlayiyana kazibuthe ziyathunjwa, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingezona zingamazibuthe zidonswa. Ama-whims asebenza kakhulu kumaminerali anjenge-hematite, imonatite, nama-ores ama-manganese.
Amamodeli we-advanced whims afaka amandla okuguqulwa amandla kazibuthe futhi angaphatha uhla olubanzi lwamasayizi wezinhlayiya. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo ezixakile kuvimbela ukuvala futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa, kubenze balungele ukucubungula imizimba eyinkimbinkimbi ye-ore.
Amandla aphezulu aphezulu aphezulu
Izihlukanisi ze-Magnetic ezimile zisetshenziswa lapho ukutholakala kwamanzi kukhawulelwe noma lapho okuqukethwe kuzwela umswakama. Ziyasebenza kwizinhlayiya ezihlanganayo futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlukanisweni kwezihlabathi zasolwandle ezinothile e-Ilmenite nase-rutile, kanye nasekucutshungweni kwamaminerali wezimboni afana ne-feldspar kanye ne-quartz.
Abahlukanisi bavame ukusebenzisa imiklamo ye-roll efakiwe noma emlandweni omhlaba ukukhiqiza amandla aphezulu kazibuthe. Ukukhethwa kwemishini ethile kuncike ezintweni ezifana nosayizi wokuphakelayo, izidingo zokufaka, kanye nobumsulwa bomkhiqizo abafisayo.
Izicelo embonini
Abahlukanisi bama-magnetic abaphezulu abaphezulu banezicelo ezisakazekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngenxa yekhono labo lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nenqubo esebenza kahle.
Ukucubungula kwezimayini kanye namaminerali
Emkhakheni wezimayini, laba abahlukanisi babalulekile ukuthola inzuzo ye-ores. Basusa ukungcola kazibuthe okungathinta izinqubo ezansi nomkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, ekucutshungweni kwe-Iron Ores, abahlukanisi bama-magnetic abaphezulu bagxila kamagbilikile futhi basuse ukungcola okufana ne-quartz kanye namaminerali wobumba.
Ekusebenzeni kwamaminerali ase-Rare-Earth, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe kusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa ama-molayte kanye ne-xenotime, okubuthakathaka kwe-paramagnetic, kusuka kumaminerali we-gangeeres angewona ama-magnetic. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukugcwaliseka kwezinto ezibalulekile ezibalulekile ku-elekthronikhi yanamuhla nobuchwepheshe obuvuselelekile bamandla.
Imfucumfucu kabusha
Abahlukanisi bama-magnetic abaphezulu abaphezulu badlala indima ebalulekile kwizicelo zokuphinda zisebenze kabusha. Banika amandla ukutakula kwezinsimbi ezi-Ferrous nezibuthakathaka ezivela emikhakheni yokungcola, ukunciphisa izidingo zokugcwaliswa komhlaba kanye nokuthola kabusha izinsiza ezibalulekile. Ngokuphindaphindeka ngokweqile kwe-elekthronikhi, laba abahlukanisi bakhipha izinsimbi ezifana ne-Iron, nickel, kanye ne-cobalt kusuka ezintweni ezihlanganyelwe.
Ngokucutshungulwa kwe-slag kusuka kwinsimbi kanye nezitshalo zamandla, abahlukanisi bakazibuthe bathola insimbi yensimbi, engasetshenziswa kabusha ekukhiqizeni insimbi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokulondolozwa izinto ezingavuthiwe kepha kunciphisa nemithelela yemvelo ehambisana nokulahlwa kukadoti.
Ubumba nomkhakha wengilazi
Kuma-ceramics kanye nezimboni zengilazi, ukuba khona kwama-iron kungcola kungathinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokubukeka. Abahlukanisi basolwandle abaphezulu basusa lokhu kungcola ngezinto zokwenziwa eziluhlaza njengeFeldSpar kanye nesihlabathi se-silica, ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi ebumsulwa ebumsulwa nemikhiqizo ye-ceramic.
Ukulungiswa kwamakhemikhali
Ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali, ubumsulwa bezinto zokusetshenziswa okungavuthiwe bufana. Abasizi bamabuzi basetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcoliswa kwensimbi kusuka kumakhemikhali kanye nemithi yemithi, ukuvikela imishini ekugqokeni nasekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho bomkhiqizo.
Izinzuzo zokuxhaswa kwamandla okuphezulu kwamandla kazibuthe
Abahlukanisi bama-magnetic abaphezulu abaphezulu banikela ngezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezibenza bathandeke ngaphezu kwezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa:
Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa okuphezulu: Bahlukanisa ngempumelelo izinhlayiya ezinhle nezinkinga ezibuthakathaka ukuthi abahlukanisi bendabuko abakwazi ukuthwebula.
Ukwanda komkhiqizo: Ngokususa okungonakaliwe kazibuthe, bathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina, okubalulekile kwizimboni ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
zemvelo Izinzuzo
Ukusebenza kwezindleko: Amanani athuthukisiwe wokutakula kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza kuholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nenzuzo ephezulu.
Okuhlukahlukene
I-Durable Pugnemity ephezulu
Le khasi Isihlukanisi esiphakeme esiphakeme esiphakeme esiphezulu-sokumunca amele ukuthuthuka okubalulekile kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe. Idizayinelwe ukubhekana nemikhawulo yabahlukanisi bendabuko, ifaka ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthuthukisa ukuthathwa kwezinhlayiya ezinhle kazibuthe.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha
Indlela yokwenyusa insizakalo isebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ahlelwe ngokukhethekile adonsela izinhlayiyana ezikhuphuke phezulu ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi. Le ndlela inyusa isikhathi sokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya kanye namandla kazibuthe, okuphumela kumanani aphezulu okuthwebula amaminerali amahle namabuthaka.
Lobu buchwepheshe bunciphisa ukufakwa kwezinhlayiyana ngezinto ezingezona amabuthe, uthuthukise ubumsulwa bezingxenyana ezibukwe kanye nezingezinhle. Iphinde inciphise ukuvalwa futhi igqoke ngaphakathi kohlukanisi, okuholela kwizidingo zokulungiswa okuphansi.
Izicelo nezinzuzo
Isihlukanisi esiqinile se-magnetic ephezulu-sokumunca se-magnetic silungele ukucubungula amaminerali angewona ama-metallic lapho ukungcoliswa kwensimbi kuyinto ekhathazayo. Izimboni ezihlomula kulobu buchwepheshe zifaka:
I-Ceramics: Ukususwa kokungcola kwe-Iron kusuka kuma-Clars and Kaolin kuthuthukisa ubumsulwa nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-ceramic.
Ukukhiqiza izingilazi
Ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali: Ukuqinisekisa izinto zokuhlanzeka eziphakeme zokusabela kwamakhemikhali nokwakheka.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa lo sakati athuthukile zifaka:
Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa okuthuthukile: Amanani aphezulu wokuthwebula kazibuthe athuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nesivuno.
Ukwanda kokuqashwa: Idizayini ephezulu ivumela ukucubungula amavolumu amakhulu, ukubhekana nezidingo zemisebenzi yezimboni.
Ukuqina nokuthembeka: Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza isikhathi eside ngesikhashana esincane.
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Amasekethe ama-magnetic alungiselelwe anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza.
Izifundo zamacala nokuhlaziywa kwezibalo
Idatha eMpirical kusuka ezinhlathini zezimboni zigqamisa ukusebenza kahle kwezihlukanisi eziphakeme kakhulu zamandla kazibuthe. Ucwaningo olwenziwe esitshalweni sokucubungula amaminerali lubonise ukwanda okungama-25% kokubuyiselwa kwensimbi lapho kuhlanganiswe isihlukanisi esiphakeme se-sisentetic lapho kuhlanganiswa nomugqa wokucubungula. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhunyushwe ekukhuthazeleni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqizwa kanye nokwenza inzuzo.
Kwesinye isigameko, inkampani yokukhiqiza izingilazi ibike ukuncishiswa okungama-40% ekungcoleni kwensimbi eSila sard sendstock ngemuva kokufaka Ihlala isikhathi esiphakeme esiphakeme esiphakeme . Lokhu kuholele ekuthuthukisweni okubonakalayo ekucacisweni kwengilazi nekhwalithi, ukubhekana namazinga aqinile embonini.
Amamethrikhi asebenza kahle
Izinkomba zomsebenzi osemqoka zokuhlola abahlukanisi bamabuzi zifaka:
Amandla kaMagnetic asindile: alinganiswe kuma-teslas noma e-gauss, amandla enkambu aphezulu anika amandla ukuthathwa kwezinhlayiya ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Umthamo wokuphambanisa: umthamo wezinto ezibonakalayo ezingacutshungulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuthinta umkhiqizo ophelele.
Izinga Lokubuyisa: Amaphesenti ama-Magnetic Matter ahlukaniswe ngempumelelo kwi-feedstock.
Ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo: Ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezibukwe noma ezingezona amabuthe emikhakheni yokuphuma, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Izihlukanisi ezithuthukile ezifana ne-detable ephezulu-umthamo we-magnetic uhlukanisa amamodeli wendabuko ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, bafinyelela amanani entengo edlula ama-95% amaminerali athile, ngokuhlanjwa komkhiqizo ofanele izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.
Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva nobuchwepheshe
Inkambu yokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe iqhubeka iqhubeka, iqhutshwa yisidingo sezindlela ezisebenza kahle nezizinzile. Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kufaka:
Abahlukanisi bamabuzi obuyigugu
Sebenzisa izinto ezingandile-zomhlaba zivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amakhulu kazibuthe emishini ehlanganisiwe. Labo bahlukanisi bayakwazi ukucubungula izinto ezazinzima ngaphambili ukuhlukanisa ngenxa yezindawo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-NDFEB Magnets sekuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo zombili izihlukanisi zomile nezimanzi.
Abahlukanisi abasezingeni eliphakeme abaphezulu (HGMS)
Ubuchwepheshe be-HGMS bubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemicu emihle ye-ferromagnetic ukwakha amandla kazibuthe aphezulu. Lo mklamo uthwebula izinhlayiya ezilinganiswe micron, okwenza kube kuhle ukucubungula izinto zokwakha i-ultrafine. Izicelo zifaka ukuhlanzwa kweKaolin kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ukuze kususwe izinto ezingcolile kazibuthe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlelwa kwenzwa-esekwe
Ukuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe nge-technologies esuselwa kwi-sensor-based inhlekisa ukusebenza kahle. Izinzwa zithola izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezinjengokuphaphama, ukuqina, nombala, okwenza inqubo yokuhlukanisa isigaba esiningi esithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo jikelele.
Umthelela Wezemvelo Nezomnotho
Ukwemukelwa kokuqina kwamandla kazibuthe kakhulu kunezinzuzo zezemvelo nezomnotho:
Ukusindisa
Ngokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwamaminerali, abahlukanisi bamabuzi banciphisa inani lemfucumfucu elakhiwe, linciphise umthelela wezemvelo wokusebenza kwezimayini. Anika amandla ukuphindaphindeka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo emifudlaneni yokungcola, ukulondolozela izinsiza zemvelo futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokulahlwa komhlaba.
Ukonga izindleko
Inani lokubuyiselwa kwemali elithuthukisiwe kanye nomphumela wokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kunzuzo ephezulu yezinkampani. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kanye nokuncishiswa kwezindleko zokugcina ezihambisana nabahlukanisi abathuthukile bamabuthe kufaka isandla emalini yokusebenza. Impilo yenkonzo ende yemishini efana ne I -urable umthamo we-hipe-umthamo ophakeme uqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa okuhle ekutshalweni kwemali.
Ukucatshangelwa okungokoqobo kokuqalisa
Ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwamandla kamagneka aphezulu emigqeni yokucubungula kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela:
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: Ukuqonda izakhiwo zezibuthe, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesitolo sokudla kubalulekile ekukhetheni imishini efanelekile.
Ukukhetha imishini: Izici ezinjengamandla kamagnzi, ukwakheka kwe-ahlukanise, kanye nomthamo wokuqalisa kufanele uvumelane nezinhloso zokucubungula.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenqubo: Uhlukanisi kumele ahambisane nemishini nezinqubo ezikhona, ngokucatshangelwa kokuphathwa kwamanani ezibonakalayo kanye namanani okugeleza.
Ukulandela umthetho okulawulayo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ihlangabezana namazinga okuphepha nemithetho yezemvelo ibalulekile.
Ukulungiswa nokuphepha
Ukulungiswa njalo kanye nokunamathela ezinkonzweni zokuphepha kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla aphezulu aphezulu.
Ukulondolozwa kokuvimbela
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezibucayi zihlanzekile futhi zikhululekile ekusungulweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ezinganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwehlukana. Izakhi ezinjenge-bearings, ama-motors, kanye nokuxhunywa kukagesi kufanele kuhlolwe njalo futhi kusetshenziswe ngokuya ngemihlahlandlela yomenzi.
Ukuphepha Ukuphepha
Ama-opharetha kufanele aqeqeshelwe ezingozini ezingaba khona ezihambisana namandla aqinile kazibuthe. Izindlela zokuqapha zifaka:
Ukugcina amadivaysi kagesi nemidiya yokugcina kazibuthe kude nabahlukanisi abasebenzayo.
Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angewona ama-magnetic wemisebenzi yesondlo.
Ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-Lockout / Tagout izinqubo ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi abanama-pacemaker noma amanye amadivaysi ezokwelapha afakiwe awafaki izindawo ezinamandla aphezulu kazibuthe.
Amathemba esikhathi esizayo nezinkomba zokucwaninga
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe be-magnetic Harpation luhlose ukubhekana nezinselelo ezifana nokucubungula izinsiza eziphansi zebanga kanye nokubuyisa izinsizakusebenza. Izindawo ezibalulekile zokugxila zifaka:
Nanotechnology
Ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwama-nanoparticles kazibuthe wezinqubo zokuhlukaniswa okuhlosiwe. Le ndlela ingaguqula ukususwa kokungcola ezingeni lamangqamuzana ezimbonini ezinjengemithi kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Amasistimu wokuhlukanisa we-Hybrid
Ukuhlanganisa ukwahlukana kazibuthe nezinye izindlela zokwahlukanisa ngokomzimba noma zamakhemikhali ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa izinqubo ze-flotation ngokwazisa kazibuthe ukuthuthukisa ukululama kwezinhlayiya ezinhle.
I-automation kanye ne-intelligence yokufakelwa
Ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokulawula eziqhutshwa yi-AI zokuhlola real-time kanye nokwenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuhlukanisa. I-algorithms yokufunda i-algorithms ingabikezela ukusebenza kwemishini nokuhlela ukulungiswa, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nezindleko zokusebenza.
Ukugcina
Abahlukanisi abaphezulu bokuqina bamabuzi bamabuzi bayizinto ezibucayi ezimeni zokucubungula kanye nokuphinda basebenzise kabusha izimboni. Amandla abo okuhlukanisa ngempumelelo izinto zikamagrezili athuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi afake isandla ekuphathweni kwemithombo esimeme. Le khasi I -urable umthamo we-high-umthamo ohlukanisayo isibonelo isibonelo sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe okushayela imboni phambili. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokwenziwa okusha, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa kazibuthe bazoqhubeka nokuvela, bahlangabezane nezinselelo zezidingo zesimanje zokucubungula kanye nobuphathi bezemvelo.
