Ukuqalisa
Esikhathini esingokwawo wokucubungula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa, ukwahlukana okususelwa ekuhlukaniselweni njengendlela eyisisekelo yokuhlela izingxube ze-heterogeneous. Le ndlela ithembela umehluko ekunciphiseni ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo. Ngaphambili kwalobu buchwepheshe Imishini yokuhlunga edonsela phansi , ethobela amabutho adonsela phansi ukwenza inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Ukuqonda ukuthi ukuhlela amandla adonsela phansi kusebenza ekwahlukanisweni okususelwa ekunciphiseni kudinga ukungena ngokujulile kwimigomo yokuhlushwa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukwakheka kwemishini, kanye nezicelo zayo kuyo yonke imboni ehlukahlukene.
Izimiso zokuhlunga kwamandla
Ukuhlunga kwamandla kuvezwa ngokwesisekelo lapho izinhlayiya zezinto ezahlukene zizophendula ngendlela ehlukile lapho zibhekiswe emandleni adonsela phansi. Le mpendulo ithonywa yizinto ezifana nosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukwakheka, kanye nendawo eyenziwa ngayo - kungaba ngumoya, amanzi, noma okuphakathi nendawo. Umthetho oyisisekelo olawula le nqubo ngumthetho wama-stoche, ochaza izikebhe zokuxazulula izinhlayiya ngoketshezi. Izinhlayiya ezisindayo ezinezisulu eziphakeme zixazululwa ngokushesha kunalabo abakhanyayo, okuvumela ukwahlukana okusekelwe ekuxazululeni amanani.
Umthetho we-Stokes kanye nezinhlayiyana ezixazulula
Umthetho wama-Stokes uhlinzeka ngohlaka lwethiyori lokuqonda izinhlayiyana ezixazulula i-fluid medium. Umthetho uthi isivinini sokuxazulula izinhlayiyana esiyindilinga silingana ngqo nesikwele semisebe yaso kanye nomehluko ekunciphiseni phakathi kwezinhlayiyana kanye noketshezi, kanye nokulingana ngokweqile ekuboneni koketshezi. Ngokwezibalo, kuvezwa ngokuthi:
\ [v = \ frac {2} {9} \ frac {(r ^ 2) (\ rho_f - rho_f) g rho} ]
Lapho \ (v ) yi-velocity exazulula, \ (r \ I-Viscosity. Le equation iqokomisa ukuthi ukuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi kangakanani kuxhaphaza umehluko wobukhulu ekufinyeleleni ukwahlukana.
Design nezakhi zemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi
Imishini yokuhlunga e-Gravity injiniyela ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yemvelo yamandla adonsela phansi ekuhlukanisweni kwezinhlayiyana. Imishini ngokujwayelekile inezakhi ezifana nama-jigs, lemiklamo, amatafula ashukumisayo, kanye nabahlukanisi abanobunye bezindawo zokuhlala, ngamunye aklanyelwe ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokuhlukanisa kwezicelo ezithile.
Imishini yeJig
Imishini yeJig iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla. Basebenzisa indawo yamanzi edonsela phansi ukuze ahlukanise izinhlayiya ezisuselwa ekujuleni kwabantu. I-jig yakha ukunyakaza kwe-oscillating okubangela izinhlayiya ezidayisayo ukuthi zihlale ezansi ngenkathi izinhlayiya ezilula zihlala zimisiwe. Lokhu kuhluza kusiza ukukhishwa kwamaminerali anobunzima obukhulu kusuka ku-ore.
Abahlukanisi be-Spiral
Abahlukanisi be-Spiral basebenzisa umkhondo we-Helical babekwe endaweni ethambekele ekugqokeni, lapho kudliwa khona ama-slurry phezulu nangamandla adonsela phansi ukugeleza phansi. Ama-Centrifugal Force kanye namandla adonsela phansi adala izinhlayiya ezidayisayo ziye engxenyeni yangaphakathi yokuvunguza, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezilula zidonswa ngaphandle. Le ndlela isebenza ngokukhethekile ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinhle.
Izicelo zokuhlukaniswa okususelwa ekunciphiseni kusetshenziswa imishini yokuhlunga yamandla adonsela phansi
Izinto zokuhlunga ezidonsela phansi zithola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi kuyo yonke imboni ehlukahlukene ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kanye nokusebenza izindleko. Izimboni ezibalulekile zifaka izimayini, ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha, kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza, lapho ukwahlukana kwezinto ezisuselwa ekubunjweni kubalulekile.
Imboni Yezokumbiwa phansi
Ezimayini, imishini yokuhlunga edonsela phansi ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-ores ukukhipha amaminerali abalulekile njengegolide, i-tin, nensimbi. Amandla okuphatha amavolumu amakhulu futhi akhiqize ukugxila okuphezulu kwebanga lenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuzuzeni kwe-Iron Ore, lapho abahlukanisi bezindaba esindayo behlukanisa i-Iron-density yensimbi ephakeme kusuka ekungcoleni okuphezulu.
Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza
Imboni evuselelwa kabusha isebenzisa imishini yokuhlunga yamandla ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezihlukile njengezinsimbi, amapulasitiki, nengilazi emifuleni yokungcola. Ngokusebenzisa ukwehluka kobukhulu, ama-recyclers angathola kahle izinsiza ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, ekusebenzeni kweSlag, imishini yokuhlunga yamandla akwa-Gravity isiza ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi ezintweni ezingezona zensimbi, ukuthuthukisa ukululama kwezinsiza.
Izinzuzo zemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla ekuhlukaniseni okususelwa ekunciphiseni
Imishini yokuhlunga e-Gravity inikezela ngezinzuzo eziningana ezizenza zisebenzele ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe ekunciphiseni. Lezi zinzuzo zifaka izindleko ezisebenza ngokusebenza okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa okuphezulu, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.
Ukusebenza kwezindleko
Izindlela zokuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi ngokuvamile azibiza kakhulu kunamanye amasu okuhlukanisa afana ne-froth flot noma ukwahlukana kazibuthe. Imishini ilula kakhulu ukusebenza nokugcina, ukunciphisa izindleko eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi kungaphatha amavolumu amakhulu okucubungula, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwayo kwezomnotho.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa okuphezulu
Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla kuthiwa yikhono layo lokuxhaphaza izakhiwo ezisisekelo zezinto zokwakha. Ngokuthembela ekuhlulekeni kobunzima, imishini ingathola amazinga aphezulu wokuhlanzeka emikhiqizweni ehlukanisiwe. Ucwaningo lukhombise ukusebenza kwama-stuparation ukwedlula ama-90% kuzinhlelo ezithile, kugcizelela ukusebenza kwezindlela ezenzelwe amandla.
Izifundo zamacala zigqamisa ukusebenza kahle
Ubufakazi obunamandla obuvela kwizicelo zezimboni buqinisekisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla ekuhlukaniseni okususelwa ekunciphiseni.
Inzuzo ye-Iron Ore
Ku-Iron Ore Processing Plants, imishini yokuhlunga edonsela phansi efana nemiklamo nama-jigs asetshenziselwe ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwensimbi kwama-ores. Ucwaningo olwenziwe emayini lwaseNingizimu Afrika lubonise ukuthi ukusebenzisa ukwahlukana kwamandla adonsela phansi kwandisa ibanga lensimbi ukusuka ku-55% kuya ku-64%, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukungcola kakhulu.
Slag Recycling
Ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwe-slag kusuka ezitshalweni zamandla kadoti, imishini yokuhlunga yamandla adlale indima ebalulekile. Izinkampani zibikile amanani okuvuselela insimbi ezithuthukisiwe lapho usebenzisa izindlela ezenzelwe amandla, okuholela ekunciphiseni inzuzo kanye nomthelela wezemvelo oncishisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini enjalo kuqondanisa nemikhuba esimeme ngokunciphisa imfucuza nokukhuthaza ukululama kwezinsiza.
Izisekelo ze-theoretical ezisekela ukuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi
Ukusebenza kwemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla agciniwe kuphela ngokufakazelwa yizicelo ezingokoqobo kepha futhi zisekelwa ngamamodeli wethiyori.
I-Hydrodynamic theory
Imigomo yeHydrodynamic ichaza ukusebenza kwezinhlayiya ku-fluid adidium. Ukuxhumana phakathi kokugeleza kwama-fluid kanye nokunyakaza kwezinhlayiyana kubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni amandla adonsela phansi. I-Laminar kanye nezikhathi zokugeleza kweziyaluyalu zithonya ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa, nokwakhiwa kwemishini kubheka lezi zinto ukwenza kahle ukusebenza.
Imiqondo ye-terminal velocity
Isivinini esikhulu se-terminal, ijubane elihlala litholwe yizinhlayiyana lapho amandla adonsela phansi alinganiselwe ngamandla okuhudula, kungumqondo obalulekile ekuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi. Idizayini ye-Equipment ihlose ukudala izimo lapho izinhlayiya zingafinyelela noma zisondela eVelocies yazo esibulalayo, ukuthuthukisa ukwahlukana ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni.
Izinselelo Nokulinganiselwa
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, imishini yokuhlunga amandla adonsela phansi ibhekene nezinselelo ezingathinta ukusebenza. Ukuqonda lokhu kulinganiselwa kubalulekile ekwakheni izinqubo zokuhlukanisa.
Izingqinamba zesayizi yezinhlayiyana
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla adonsela phansi kuncipha ngezinhlayiya ezinhle kakhulu ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwezindawo zokuphumula kanye nethonya elikhulayo lokunyakaza kwe-brownia. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokungezelelwa noma ukuguqulwa kwamathuluzi ukuphatha izinto ezinhle ngempumelelo.
Inqwaba ngaphezulu
Izinto ezinezinto ezifanayo zingaba inselelo yokuhlukanisa nokusebenzisa imishini yokuhlunga kwamandla. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuthuthukisa umehluko wobuningi ngokusebenza kwangaphambili noma ukuhlanganisa ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi namanye amasu anjenge-magnetic noma ukwehlukaniswa kwe-flotation kungadingeka.
Ukuthuthuka kubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi
Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuyaqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi.
Idizayini yemishini ethuthukisiwe
Izinto ezintsha ku-Equiced Design, njengokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezihlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-automation, kuholele ekusebenzeni kahle nasekugcwaliseni. Okokusebenza kwamandla adonsela phansi kwanamuhla kufaka phakathi izinzwa nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuze uthuthukise amapharamitha okusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela.
Amasu wokuhlukanisa we-Hybrid
Ukuhlanganisa ukuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi nezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa ukuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi ngokwahlukaniswa kazibuthe kuvumela ukucubungula okusebenzayo kwezinto zokwehluka okuncane kepha izakhiwo zezinkazimu zezimbali ziyahlukahluka.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwezemvelo Nezokuqina
Imishini yokuhlunga kwamandla inomthelela ekusimeni ngokuthuthukisa ukululama kwezinsiza kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo.
Ukusebenza kwamandla
Izindlela ezisuselwa ku-Gravity zisebenza ngamandla esosisekelo - ziqhathaniswa namasu wamakhemikhali noma wokuhlukaniswa okushisayo. Ukuthembela kumandla wemvelo adonsela phansi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okuholela ekuphumeni kwamagesi aphansi abamba ukushisa okuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza kokusebenza.
Ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza
Ngokwehlukanisa ngempumelelo izinto ezibalulekile emifudlaneni yokungcola, imishini yokuhlunga kwamandla inciphisa umthamo wokungcola okudinga ukulahlwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokulondolozwa kwesikhala sokugcwaliswa komhlaba kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo zezinto zokwakha imfucuza.
Imibono yochwepheshe emishini yokuhlunga yamandla adonsela phansi
Ochwepheshe bezimboni babona indima ebalulekile yemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla ekucutshungweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo yanamuhla.
UDkt Jane Smith, unjiniyela oholayo we-metallurgical, amanothi, \ 'ukuhlunga kwamandla adonsela phansi kuhlala kuyigumbi lokusebenza amaminerali ngenxa yokulula nokusebenza kwayo. Ukuthuthuka kokuklanywa kwayo kuyaqhubeka ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, okwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneni izindlela zokucubungula. '
Ngokufanayo, uJohn Doe Umeluleki Wezimboni ovuselelekayo, ugcizelela, \ 'Amandla wemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla ukuze athole imidwebo eyindilinga ebalulekile emnothweni oyindilinga.
Ukucatshangelwa okusebenzayo kokusebenzisa imishini yokuhlunga kwamandla
Ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla kudinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela kwezinto ezahlukahlukene.
Isimo sezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukuqonda izakhiwo zezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Izici ezifana nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukuhlukahluka kobunzima, kanye nokuguquguquka komswakama okutholwayo kokukhethwa kwemishini nokukhethwa kwenqubo.
Ukukhethwa kwemishini nokucushwa
Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwemishini yokuhlunga kwamandla kuncike kwisicelo esithile. Ukucatshangelwa kufaka ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa okufunayo, izidingo zokusebenzisa, kanye nezingqinamba zokusebenza. Ukucushwa ngokwezifiso kungadingeka ukubhekana nezinselelo ezihlukile zokucubungula.
Ukugcina
Ukusebenza kwamandla okuhlunga kwamandla ekuhlukaniseni okususelwa ekunciphiseni kwezimiso eziyisisekelo ngokomzimba futhi kuthuthukiswe yintuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ukutholwa kwayo okubanzi kuyo yonke imboni kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokufaka amandla adonsela phansi, le mishini ifinyelela ama-affeacal averation aphezulu, inyusa ukuqina, futhi inikezela ngezixazululo ezingezenzeki zezindleko zokuvuselelwa kwezinsiza.
Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokubeka phambili imikhuba eqhubekayo nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezisebenza kahle, indima ye Imishini yokuhlunga yamandla adonsela phansi izohlala ibalulekile. Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo nesithembiso esisha kuthembisa ukuthuthukisa amandla alo, ukuqinisa isikhundla sayo njengobuchwepheshe be-Cornerstone ezinqubweni zokuhlukaniswa ezisuselwa ekuhlukaniseni.
