Isingeniso
Isihlukanisi sikazibuthe esidonsa phezulu siwukuqanjwa okusha okubalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula amaminerali kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinto. Idizayinelwe ukuhlukanisa kahle izinhlayiya kazibuthe kwezingezona kazibuthe, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kuye kwezimbiwa phansi. Enye yezinselelo eziyinhloko kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ukuphatha izinto zobukhulu bezinhlayiyana ezihlukahlukene. Ukusebenza kwemishini yokuhlukanisa kuvame ukushintshashintsha ngokuya ngosayizi wokusabalalisa okokufaka. Ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani i I-Up-suction Magnetic Separator ilawula osayizi bezinhlayiyana ezihlukene ibalulekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi futhi kuzuzwe amazinga okuhlanzeka afiselekayo.
Lesi sihloko sicubungula izindlela lapho izihlukanisi kazibuthe ezidonsa phezulu zibamba amasayizi ezinhlayiyana ahlukahlukene. Sizohlola izimiso zokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, sihlaziye imiphumela yosayizi wezinhlayiyana ekusebenzeni kahle kokuhlukana, futhi sixoxe ngamasu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuhlola izibonelo zezifundo kanye nocwaningo lwamanje, sihlose ukunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele okuzozuzisa ochwepheshe abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba komsebenzi wabo wokucubungula izinto.
Izimiso Zokuhlukaniswa Kwezibuthe Okukhuphukayo
Izihlukanisi kazibuthe ezidonsa phezulu zisebenza ngomgomo oyisisekelo kazibuthe ohlanganiswe nokunyakaza kwezinhlayiya ezilwa namandla adonsela phansi. Ngokungafani nezihlukanisi kazibuthe ezivamile ezithembele kuphela kokuphakelayo kwamandla adonsela phansi, indlela yokudonsa phezulu isebenzisa amandla aphezulu ukuze idwebe izinto ngenkambu kazibuthe. Lo mklamo usebenza ngokukhethekile ekuvimbeleni ukuvala futhi uvumela ukucutshungulwa kwezinhlayiya ezingcono kakhulu ezingase zilahleke noma zibangele ukuvinjelwa ezinhlelweni ezivamile.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zihlanganisa isistimu kazibuthe ekhiqiza insimu enamandla kazibuthe, indlela yokudonsa ephakamisa izinhlayiya phezulu, kanye negumbi lokuhlukanisa lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwangempela kwezinto kwenzeka. Ukuya phezulu kusiza ukuxhumana okunwetshiwe phakathi kwezinhlayiya nendawo kazibuthe, okuthuthukisa amathuba okuba izinhlayiya kazibuthe zithathwe.
Umthelela Wosayizi Wezinhlayiya Ekusebenzeni Kakuhle Kokuhlukanisa
Usayizi wezinhlayiyana unomthelela kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokuhlukaniswa kazibuthe. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamandla kazibuthe nezinhlayiya kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa nenqwaba yezinhlayiya, ukuthambekela kwazo kazibuthe, kanye nesivinini ezidlula ngaso endaweni kazibuthe.
Izinhlayiya Ezinhle
Izinhlayiya ezinhle, ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kuka-1 mm ububanzi, ziveza izinselele eziyingqayizivele namathuba. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuphansi, kulula kakhulu ukuthonywa amandla kazibuthe. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukukhombisa ukumelana okuphezulu nokugeleza komoya futhi zingase zihlangane, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukana. Isihlukanisi kazibuthe esidonsa phezulu sibhekana nalokhu ngokunikeza ukugeleza komoya okulawulwayo okuhlakaza izinhlayiya ezinhle, okuvumela ukusebenzisana okungcono nenkundla kazibuthe nokuvimbela ukuhlangana.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukulungisa amandla kazibuthe kanye nesivinini sokumunca kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokuthola kabusha kwezinhlayiya ezinhle kazibuthe. Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni insimbi yensimbi, izinga lokutholwa kwezinhlayiya zensimbi ezinhle lenyuke ngo-15% lapho kusetshenziswa izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe bokudonsa ekuphatheni izinto ezinhle.
Izinhlayiya ezinosayizi omaphakathi
Izinhlayiya ezinosayizi omaphakathi, kusukela ku-1 mm kuya ku-10 mm, ngokuvamile kulula ukucutshungulwa. Ubukhulu bawo buvumela ukulingana phakathi kokukhanga kazibuthe namandla adonsela phansi. Kusihlukanisi kazibuthe esidonsa phezulu, lezi zinhlayiya zizuza ekuchayekeni isikhathi eside endaweni kazibuthe ngenxa yokugeleza komoya phezulu. Isihlukanisi singafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka ngezinhlayiya ezinosayizi ophakathi, okusenze sifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokugaya kabusha insimbi echotshoziwe noma ukucubungula ama-mineral ores.
Ukuthuthukisa amapharamitha wezinhlayiya ezinosayizi omaphakathi kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa amandla kazibuthe kanye nokugeleza komoya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlayiya ezingezona ezizibuthe azibanjwa zingahlosile. Idatha yobufakazi iphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kungafinyelela ubumsulwa obufika ku-98% lapho okokusebenza kulungiselelwe kahle okokusebenza okuthile okucutshungulwayo.
Izinhlayiya Eziqinile
Izinhlayiya ezimahhadla, lezo ezinkulu kuno-10 mm, ziletha izinselele ezihlukene. Ubukhulu bawo obukhulu busho ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi anomphumela obaluleke kakhulu, okungenzeka anciphise isikhathi esisichitha endaweni kazibuthe. Indlela yokudonsa phezulu isiza ukunciphisa lokhu ngokulwisana namandla adonsela phansi, okuvumela ukusebenzisana kwamagnetic okwanele. Nokho, kunomkhawulo kusayizi ongacutshungulwa ngempumelelo. Ngezinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu, ezinye izindlela noma ukuguqulwa kwemishini kungase kudingeke.
Ukulungiswa okufana nokukhulisa amandla kazibuthe namandla okumunca kungathuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezimahhadla. Ekucutshungulweni kwe-slag kusuka ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi, isibonelo, izihlukanisi ezidonsa phezulu zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ukuze kubuyiselwe izingcezu zensimbi ezinkulu, okunomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwensiza nokonga izindleko.
Izici Ezithonya Ukusebenza Kokuhlukaniswa
Izinto ezimbalwa zingathinta ukusebenza kwesihlukanisi sizibuthe esidonsa phezulu lapho siphatha amasayizi ezinhlayiyana ahlukene. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokuhlukanisa.
Amandla Ensimu Yamagnetic
Ukulungisa amandla kazibuthe kubalulekile ekuqondiseni osayizi bezinhlayiyana ezithile nezinhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Izinhlayiya ezinhle zingadinga inkambu kazibuthe enamandla ukuze zinqobe isisindo sazo esiphansi, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezimahhadla zingase zidinge ibhalansi ukuze zivikele izinhlayiya ezingezona uzibuthe ukuthi zingabanjwa. Ama-opharetha kufanele alinganise njalo okokusebenza ukuze afane nezakhiwo kazibuthe zezinto ezicutshungulwayo.
I-Airflow Velocity
Ukugeleza komoya okumunca kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela. Isivinini esiphezulu singathuthukisa ukuphakama kwezinhlayiya ezinhle kodwa kungase kubangele isiyaluyalu esinciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukana. Ngokuphambene, ama-velocities aphansi angeke amise ngokwanele izinhlayiya ezinhle, okuholela ekuvinjweni noma ekunciphiseni ukusebenzisana nenkundla kazibuthe. Izilungiselelo zokugeleza komoya kufanele zilungiswe ngokusekelwe kusayizi wezinhlayiyana oyinhloko kokuphakelayo.
Izinga lokuphakelayo
Izinga lapho impahla ifakwa khona kusihlukanisi sithinta isikhathi sokuhlala nokusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa. Izinga lokuphakelayo eliphezulu lingase liholele ekuminyana, kwehlise ukusebenza kukazibuthe ezinhlayiyeni ngazinye. Ukuze usebenze kahle, izinga lokuphakelayo kufanele lifaniswe nomthamo wesisetshenziswa kanye nezici zezinto ezibonakalayo.
Izicelo kanye Nezimo
Izihlukanisi kazibuthe ezidonsa phezulu zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo ekuphatheni osayizi bezinhlayiyana abahlukene.
Imboni Yokugaywa kabusha
Emkhakheni wokugaywa kabusha, izihlukanisi kazibuthe ezidonsa phezulu zisetshenziselwa ukubuyisela izinsimbi ezisansimbi ekusakazweni kwemfucuza ephukile. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ekucutshungulweni kwemfucuza eqinile kamasipala lubonise ukuthi ukusebenzisa isihlukanisi sokudonsa phezulu kwenyusa izinga lokutholwa kwezinsimbi ezisansimbi ngo-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zakudala. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubangelwa ikhono lesihlukanisi lokuphatha izinhlayiya zensimbi ezinhle ezivame ukugejwa ezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Ukucutshungulwa Kwezimayini kanye Nezimbiwa
Emisebenzini yezimayini, izihlukanisi kazibuthe ezidonsa phezulu zisiza ekugxiliseni amaminerali abalulekile. Isibonelo, ekuzuzeni ama-magnetite ores, imishini ihlukanisa kahle izinhlayiya ze-magnetite ezinhle ezivela ezintweni ze-ganggue. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokudonsa kungakhuphula izinga lokugxilisa ingqondo kufika ku-5%, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwenzuzo.
I-Slag Processing
Ukucubungula i-slag kusuka ezinqubweni zokuncibilikisa insimbi kungenye indawo lapho ama-separators kazibuthe akhuphukayo ehamba phambili. I-slag ngokuvamile iqukethe izingcezu zensimbi ezibalulekile ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene. Ukusebenzisa isihlukanisi esidonsa phezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi zombili izingcezu zensimbi ezinhle nezimahhadla ziyatholwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela wendawo ngokunciphisa imfucuza.
Ithuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwesihlukanisi
Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu uma usebenzisa isihlukanisi kazibuthe esidonsa phezulu, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukumiswa kwemishini, ukunakekelwa, kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza.
Ukucushwa Kwezisetshenziswa
Ukukhetha imodeli efanele kanye nosayizi wesihlukanisi kubalulekile. Izinto ezifana nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana okulindelekile, uhlobo lwempahla, kanye nokuphumayo okufiswayo kufanele kwazise ukukhethwa kwemishini. Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo amandla kazibuthe kanye nendlela yokudonsa ukuze ifane nohlelo lokusebenza oluthile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza.
Isondlo Esivamile
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokugcinwa kugcinwa kahle kuqinisekisa ukuthi isihlukanisi sisebenza ngendlela esezingeni eliphezulu. Izingxenye ezinjengamakhoyili kazibuthe, amafeni okumunca, namabhande okuthutha kufanele kuhlale kubhekwa ukuguga nokukhala. Ukugcina okokusebenza kuhlanzekile kuvimbela ukwakheka kwezinto ezingase zithiye inqubo yokuhlukanisa.
Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi
Opharetha abaqeqeshwe kahle babalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwemishini. Ukuqonda ukuthi zilungiswa kanjani izilungiselelo ngokusekelwe kuzici zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokukwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile kungavimbela isikhathi sokuphumula futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukana. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kufanele zihlanganise ukusebenza kwemishini, izimiso zokuphepha, nezinqubo zokunakekela eziyisisekelo.
Intuthuko Yekusasa
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amandla ezihlukanisi ezidonsayo zikazibuthe. Ucwaningo lugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinto zikazibuthe ezinamandla nezisebenza kahle kakhulu, njengozibuthe abangavamile bomhlaba, ezingathuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezinozibuthe ezibuthakathaka. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa kanye ne-automation kungaholela kumasistimu ahlakaniphile alungisa amapharamitha ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe ekugelezeni nasekubunjweni kwezinto.
Izinhlelo ezisafufusa, ezifana nokugaywa kabusha kukadoti we-elekthronikhi, zidinga ukuphatha ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene bezinhlayiyana. Ukuvumelana nezimo kwezihlukanisi kazibuthe ezidonsa phezulu kuzibeka kahle ukuze zihlangabezane nalezi zinselele. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kulindeleke ukuthi kuveze amathuluzi awonga amandla, aguquguqukayo, futhi akwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithuthukayo zezimboni.
Isiphetho
Isihlukanisi kazibuthe esidonsa phezulu simele intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa, sinikeza ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle ekuphatheni osayizi bezinhlayiyana abahlukene. Idizayini yayo eyingqayizivele inqoba imikhawulo eminingi etholakala kuzihlukanisi ezivamile zikazibuthe, okuyenza ibe ithuluzi eliyigugu ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukugaywa kabusha, ukumba izimayini, nokucutshungulwa kwe-slag.
Ngokuqonda izimiso zokusebenza kanye nezici ezithonya ukusebenza, opharetha bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwe- Isihlukanisi Sezibuthe esidonsa phezulu ukuze uzuze imiphumela oyifunayo. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile, ukumiswa kwemishini efanele, nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi kuyizici ezibalulekile zenqubo yokuhlukanisa ngempumelelo.
Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokufuna izindlela ezisebenza kahle nezivumelana nemvelo zokucubungula izinto zokwakha, isihlukanisi kazibuthe esidonsa phezulu sikulungele ukudlala indima ebalulekile. Ikhono layo lokusingatha izinhlobonhlobo zosayizi bezinhlayiya ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebalulekile ekuphishekeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza kanye nokusimama.
